The Theory Of Needs Theories And How An Individual s...

Motivation is the influence or drive for an individual to perform a specific act. In the past many theorists have scrutinised the concept of needs theories and how an individual’s human behaviour works in order for them to be motivated. However it has also been a very heavy topic considering different theorists have judged one another’s perception on the notion of motivating factors. In the past centuries, theorists have critically analysed the ways in which individuals are best motivated. A well-known psychologist Maslow (1943) believed that there are five levels of needs in order for an individual to be fully motivated. His focus is more on the positive needs of employees. From the Bottom of the pyramid comes the physiological needs or in other words basic needs, which consist of necessities such as food, water, health and things that any human starts with. He stresses on the notion of homeostasis as part of these needs, ‘the body’s automatic efforts to m aintain a constant, normal state of the bloodstream’ (Maslow 1943,p.270). When satisfied, they tend to search for safety needs; these can be considered as job security. Such acts are moving from a job to a much safer one or even one that have long term contracts. People will then look at the next level of social needs, to be ultimately recognised by others, and to just fit in the workforce. The next level is the esteem needs, to feel good about ones self, and to be praised by those higher on the organisational hierarchy.Show MoreRelatedMotivation, As The Causes Of Our Behaviour1644 Words   |  7 Pagesdegree to which an individual wants and chooses to engage in certain specified behaviours†. Hence, in general, behaviour is determined by certain motives, thus, Vroom and Deci (1992, p.33) considered motivation â€Å"as the causes of our behaviour†. Moreover, according to Mullins (2013, p.245) motivation is concerned with question â€Å"why do people do what they do?†, because motivation is an inner driving force which leads to particul ar action to achieve some aim and fulfil some need. In other words, CharteredRead MoreMotivation Theories And Psychological Strengths And Factors That Underpin Performance1385 Words   |  6 Pagesmost organization today is how to make their workers become efficient. The performance of organization members is jointly determined by Motivation that is the extent to which they are willing to perform well and by their ability that is the extent to which they possess the skills and abilities necessary to perform well. In this essay I will define and evaluate motivation theories and psychological strengths and discuss factors that underpin performance. Motivation Theories Motivation is defined asRead MoreSociological Perspectives Of An Individual And Their Own Behaviour And The Society1126 Words   |  5 PagesPERSPECTIVES   Sociology studies the lives of an individual and their own behaviour and the society they live in (A. Giddens 2006). There are theoretical perspectives used so that one understands an individual behaviour and the society they live in. The sociological perspectives study each behaviour and how it is linked to the whole society or how the society influence the individual rather. The society is a diverse body and different perspectives is used to understand how they are linked and functioned togetherRead MoreMotivation Theories1577 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Motivation is the will and desire that a person has to engage in a particular behaviour or perform a particular task† (Lawley King, P269). In life motivation will be needed to enhance the workforce in various ways, many organisations will use motivation to increase the percentage yield of an individual or to make an individual feel a part of the business or organisation. Incentives have a huge influence on behaviourist ext rinsic approach. In addition other aspects; humanist theorist, intrinsicRead MoreThe Psychoanalytical Theory Of Aggression1297 Words   |  6 Pagesdefined as a range of behaviours, which can result in both physical and psychological harm to oneself, others or an object in the environment. Baron and Richardson (1994) claim aggression is a form of anti-social behaviour, which shows a lack of emotional concern for the welfare of others. There are various explanations for the cause of aggression, one of them being the biological explanation. This theory focuses on aggression as an innate tendency involving the instinct theory, ethology, hormonesRead MoreOrganization Behavior And Its Impact On Human Behavior1531 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction -Organizational Behaviour offers several ideas to management as to how human factor should be properly utilized to achieve organizational objectives. Human factor is not a mere instrument in the organization but the core of organizational exi stence.Organisation is the interaction of persons, and sufficient importance should be given to people working to manage the organization.Organisation Behavior helps in understanding changing dimensions of human behavior, changing from money motivatedRead MorePsychological And Sociological Theories Persuade Human Behavior1680 Words   |  7 PagesSigmund Freud has defined human behaviours as individual influenced by the structure of society, objective and exists outside individual’s consciousness. The human behaviour and mind look at the human nature as a whole so that it produces some behaviour or to affect the behaviour of the other people around or group. It goes back to the 20th century. People like Freud, J Watson, BF Skinner, Maslow and a lot more others made it to be known. (Mcleod, 2013) This assignment will explore the ways in whichRead MoreMotivation Theories, Content And Process Theories910 Words   |  4 Pagesworker is often an effective one. Needs theories of motivation are implemented in order to assist managers in improving employee’s work rate, efficiency and output. There are two main types of needs motivation theories, content and process theories. These methods also try to ensure employee turnover will decrease when factors such as job security, organizational commitment and satisfaction are guaranteed. (Udechukwu, 2009). In mentioning the benefits to these theories, they have come under harsh criticismRead MoreThe Theory Of Self Structure1719 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiences of the organism are, or may be, assimilated on a symbolic level into a consistent relationship with the concept of self. These two propositions are the opposite of one another. 14 is when the individual is open and true to how he views and experiences him self and 15 is when the individual will deny or not be able to make sense of his experiencing. My client fits with proposition 15 here as she admitted to having a felt sense of anger coming into her awareness after the loss of her dadRead MoreUnderstanding Personality1579 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction This essay is a concise guide to the understanding of personality in terms of Theories, structure and testing, looking at Trait, situation and interactional theories in particular. Every individual has a unique personality, which is known as their psychological makeup. This is known as the relatively stable, psychological structures that shape a person’s actions in a specific environment. (Gill, 1986) This essay will look at the established theoretical psychological understand of personalities

Content analysis of 9 creative concepts Essays - 1470 Words

2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Declaration 3 1. Introduction 4 2. Quantitative content analysis 4 3. Media audience theory 4 4. Questionnaires surveys in media research 7 5. Self assessment and self reflection 9 Sources consulted 10 Declaration I hereby declare that this assignment is my original work, written by me and that is my own effort and that no part has been plagiarized without citations Student name: Petrina Shitalangaho Date: 18/08/2013 Introduction In this assignment one can expect to see the discussions on effect of mass communication on people and†¦show more content†¦Georges Poulet (1969:54), a phenomenologist, described the relationship between readers and text as you are inside it (the text). It is inside you; there is no longer either inside or outside. 2. The expansion or fusion of Horizons The text always contains blanks (gaps) that only readers can fill. During the cat of reading that is, when we appropriate messages there is a fusion or encounter between our own ‘historical horizon’ and the alien â€Å"horizon of the text itself (Eagleton 1989:433-4) 3. Wandering view point Wandering view point means that we can hardly experience and understand a text as a whole while reading it because we wander inside the flow of the text. Iser uses the metaphor of a traveler to explain wandering viewpoint. While within a moving vehicle, the reader is always inside the flow of the story and can at no time have a complete or total view of that journey 4. Pro tension and retention While traveling through a text, we continuously alternate between these two dimensions. Pretension means that we have certain expectation about how a story or plotline is going to develop. These expectations are based on our retention. That what we remember of characters and events in the story we are reading. 5. Dialectical Interaction Dialectical interaction between pretension and retention encourages us to form links and to fill the gaps in the text with our own imagination based on our social and cultural background. 6. The syntagmatic and paradigmaticShow MoreRelatedCom306D1309 Words   |  6 Pagesmy own work, except where I have clearly acknowledged the work off others by means of correct referencing techniques. I have read and understood sections 8 and 9 of Tutorial letter 301/2010 regarding referencing techniques and plagiarism. Submitted via myUnisa Chane Arnolds Student nr: 35599243 27 February 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE DECLARATION 1 MAIN ISSUE 3 2 RESEARCH CRITERIA Read MoreResearch Paper: Content Analysis of Nine Creative Concepts Found in Magazine Advertisements.1392 Words   |  6 Pages1 MAIN ISSUE This research is a quantitative, cross-sectional, exploratory and descriptive content analysis of selected advertisements from two different magazines published in August 2012 using the nine different creative concepts as main emphasis. 2 RESEARCH CRITERIA The main research problem deals with the use of creative concepts in advertisements which is a mass media issue and therefore contributes to the existing knowledge in communication studies. The issue is also of interestRead MoreResearch Paper: Content Analysis of Nine Creative Concepts Found in Magazine Advertisements.1386 Words   |  6 Pages1 MAIN ISSUE This research is a quantitative, cross-sectional, exploratory and descriptive content analysis of selected advertisements from two different magazines published in August 2012 using the nine different creative concepts as main emphasis. 2 RESEARCH CRITERIA The main research problem deals with the use of creative concepts in advertisements which is a mass media issue and therefore contributes to the existing knowledge in communication studies. The issue is also of interest toRead MoreCreative Concepts Essay2289 Words   |  10 PagesCMNALLE/301 regarding technical and presentation requirements, referencing techniques and plagiarism. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE DECLARATION 1 MAIN ISSUE 1 2 RESEARCH CRITERIA 1 3 EXTENT 1 4 POPULATION 1-2 5 ASSUMPTIONS AND SUB-ISSUES 2 6 GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 2 7 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 2-3 8 THEORECTICAL APPROACH 3-4 9 RESEARCH DESIGN 4 10 DATA-COLLECTION METHODS AND TECHNIQUES 4-5 10.1 The research method 4-5 10Read MoreEssay on Com3706 Portfolio Assignment Task 5.104459 Words   |  18 Pagestwo 2013 Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 1 MAIN ISSUE 1 2 RESEARCH CRITERIA 1 3 EXTENT OF THE RESEARCH ISSUE 2 4 POPULATION 2 5 ASSUMPTIONS AND SUB-PROBLEMS 3 6 GOAL AND OBJECTIVES 3 7 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 4 8 THEORETICAL APPROACH 4 9 RESEARCH DESIGN 7 CONCLUSION 8 SOURCES CONSULTED 8 ADDENDUM A: SELF-REFLECTION 9 INTRODUCTION Read MoreEssay on Business Ethics and dilemma632 Words   |  3 Pagestext readings from Chapters 1 and 9 with a focus on the following core concepts: Organizational Social Responsibility (Chapters 1 and 9) The Ethical Decision-making Process (Chapter 1) Corporate Reputation (Chapter 9) The Corporate Social Responsibility Pyramid (Chapter 9) The Importance of Trust (Chapter 9) The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility (article by Carroll and Chapter 9) 4. Read  The Merck and River Blindness Case  at the end of Chapter 9 of your text. 5. Compose your paperRead MoreCom37065312 Words   |  22 PagesCONTENT ANALYSIS OF CREATIVE CONCEPTS PAGE DECLARATION 2 1 MAIN RESEARCH ISSUE 3 2 RESEARCH CRITERIA 3 3 EXTENT OF RESEARCH ISSUE 3 4 POPULATION 4 5 ASSUMPTIONS/SUB-ISSUES 4 6 GOAL/OBJECTIVE 5 7 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 5 8 THEORETICAL APPROACH 5 9 RESEARCH DESIGN 8 10 DATA COLLECTION 10 11 DATA ANALYSIS 13 12 QUALITATIVE FINDINGS 17 13 CONCLUSION 27 14 SELF ASSESSMENTRead MorePhilosophy And Philosophy Of Mathematics1050 Words   |  5 Pagesand ideas about what mathematics education is, what impact it has on society, the qualities that make a good teacher, a teacher’s role, research on the standards and instructional strategies, and ways to ensure student are able to learn mathematic concepts in your classroom. Each of these ideas should forever be evolving because we grow as teachers our thought and ideas will grow. I will be discussing my thoughts and ideas on what creates an excellent philosophy of mathematics. First, mathematicsRead MoreCom37-6 Essay examples3839 Words   |  16 Pagesunderstood Tutorial Letter CMNALLE regarding technical and presentation requirements, referencing techniques and plagiarism. Your signature: KSingh Your name: Kajaal Singh Your student number: 4624-033-0 Date: 27 August 2014 Witness: Anita Singh Contents Page # DECLARATION 1 MAIN ISSUE 3 2 RESEARCH CRITERIA 3 3.1 Relevance 3 3.2 Researchability 3 3.3 Feasibility 3 3.4 Read More9 IMC Message Strategy751 Words   |  4 Pagesbuild brand relationships The IMC Creative Brief is based on these mandates and how they relate to the brand decision-making process. 1 Creating Brand Value for a Biscuit 2 Brand Message Strategy Development The fourth step in the IMC planning process is developing message strategies. Companies and their marketing communication agencies employ strategic thinking at a variety of levels in the marketing communication process. 3 The Creative Message Brief A creative brief is a document that provides

Case 2- Marketing Mix Free Essays

Case 2 1. What is the company’s strategy with respect to each of the 4 Ps of the marketing mix? 2. Based on the current marketing strategy, should the company’s promotion mix focus be on personal selling or on advertising? 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Case 2- Marketing Mix or any similar topic only for you Order Now What further questions might you ask Herr Wursching to help his company move toward a more relationship-based business and establish CRM initiatives? What other recommendations might you make for him with respect to CRM? 1. The company’s strategy with respect to each of the 4 Ps of the marketing mix: †¢Product: They have come up with providing cell phone services with advanced satellite network and they have come up with five cell phone options for customers to choose from. †¢Place: The Company’s corporate offices are located all around the world in different cities. The customer service outlets and retail sales are conducted through the company Web site, as well as though licensed electronics retailers. The company does not maintain its own customer service or retail locations. †¢Price: Customer’s interested in paying a premium for worldwide cell phone coverage are what the company is looking for and in large volumes. †¢Promotion: A Berlin-based advertising and public relations agency to develop a worldwide advertising campaign is doing the promotion for the company. Print and television ads have already entered the European market and will soon be shown in the U. S. market. Several promotions to get its product and name known are already in process. . Based on the Company’s marketing strategy, the company’s promotion mix should focus on advertising. Since they don’t have their own customer service, sales force, or retail locations and due to that fact, the company is receiving customer’s through the advertising. So I think it makes sense for them to focus on advertising heavily. 3. Further questions that I might ask Herr Wursching to hel p his company move toward a more relationship-based business and establish CRM initiatives: 1. Will you establish a sales force soon? If so, where? 2. Will you be using the online website for all of your client/sales based activities or will you establish other methods of marketing and offering services? The recommendations that I would make Herr Wursching in regards to CRM would be to purchase software which could be used for client data since they offer their phones/services in worldwide locations. It would be something that would benefit the company regardless of the fact that it’s expensive. The benefits outweigh the costs. Also I think he should set up retail stores in main cities where Client and Customer Representative can interact directly, face to face. How to cite Case 2- Marketing Mix, Essay examples

Cancer Uncontrolled Cell Growth And Proliferation Biology Essay Example For Students

Cancer Uncontrolled Cell Growth And Proliferation Biology Essay Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell growing and proliferation. Cell maintains homeostasis by modulating many properties of cellular behaviour such as growing, proliferation and programmed cell death. Any mutants in the normal cell consequences in addition or lessening in the look of cistrons that maintain homeostasis. This deviant cistron look interferes with normal apoptotic tract of the cell, taking to malignant neoplastic disease. As per the CRUK study ( July 2010 ) , 1 in 4 deceases caused in UK are due to malignant neoplastic disease and it is estimated that in UK entirely, about 1 in 3 people are likely to develop malignant neoplastic disease in their life clip. So it is necessary to invent a robust engineering to command the incidence of malignant neoplastic disease. Outline1 PROBLEMS IN CONVENTIONAL METHOD2 CHEMOSENSITIZATION3 Regulation OF APOPTOTIC PROTEIN IN CANCER CELLS4 GENE THERAPY5 Carriers FOR GENE DELIVERY6 NON VIRAL SYNTHETIC VECTOR FOR GENE DELIVERY7 DENDRIMERS- STRUCTURE AND CHARACTERISTICS FEATURES PROBLEMS IN CONVENTIONAL METHOD Conventional method of malignant neoplastic disease interventions relies chiefly on monotherapy which involves the usage of curative drugs to mangle different phases of solid tumours. Solid tumours are heterogenous at molecular degree and are observed within the cells of the same tumour and at different developmental phases like primary or the metastatic stage. Furthermore the cell undergoes selective phenotypic opposition in response to a peculiar intervention. This molecular heterogeneousness observed within the tumours of same malignant neoplastic disease types along with selective phenotypic opposition is a important undertaking for intervention ( ) . The above job was overcome by combinable intervention were the malignant neoplastic disease cells are subjected to different intervention conditions with the purpose to antagonize the opposition developed due to monotherapy. In combinable therapy chemotherapeutic drugs are given with other interventions like radiation therapy, surge ry, hormonal therapy etc. But the usage of these intervention methods besides had several disadvantages. Chemotherapeutic drugs are extremely hydrophobic in nature that has really low H2O solubility. Such indissoluble drugs sums and causes embolization of blood vass. A well-known illustration is the drug paclitaxel, that causes local toxicity when the drugs accumulates in high concentration. In add-on, the bio-distribution of chemotherapeutic drugs remains a significant job. The non-specific consumption of curative drugs by normal tissues along with the malignant tissue leads to low tumour selectivity. Besides, in radiation therapy normal cells are destroyed along with tumour cells. Cancerous cells get opposition to chemotherapeutic drugs by changing the adhering site of the mark protein or holding an outflow mechanism by which the drugs are expelled out of the cell. Sing all the disadvantages there is a demand for following a scheme that would curtail the drug action merely to tumo r, prolong in the system for a long clip and besides let targeted release of curative drugs. CHEMOSENSITIZATION Chemo sensitisation involves sensitisation of malignant neoplastic disease cells with targeted therapies like cistron therapy followed by intervention with chemotherapeutic drugs. Chemo sensitisation offers handiness of chemotherapeutic drugs to malignant neoplastic disease cells that are chemo opposition. It besides enhances tumour selectivity and thereby reduces side effects. Choice of targeted therapies that specifically affect the signaling molecules involved in endurance of malignant neoplastic disease cells is important for chemo sensitisation ( Dickerson, 2010 ) . Regulation OF APOPTOTIC PROTEIN IN CANCER CELLS The cancerous cells evade apoptotic tract by exchanging off the cistron responsible for programmed cell death. There are two major categories of malignant neoplastic disease cistrons involved in this complex procedure ; ( a ) proto-oncogenes that become cancerous as a consequence of mutant and ( B ) tumour suppresser cistrons which when inhibited allow patterned advance of tumours. P73 is a member of P53 household of cistrons that encodes for pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic protein. P73 proteins are expressed as TAp73 and a?† Np73 signifiers. TAp73 is a full length protein that activates the mark cistron involved in cell rhythm ordinance and initiation of programmed cell death. a?† Np73 proteins can non bring on mark cistron involved in programmed cell death as they lack N-terminal trans-activation sphere found in TAp73 ( M S Irwin,2004 ) . Besides a?† Np73 has anti-apoptotic activity by barricading the action of p53 and TAp73. During tumorogenesis and development, th e comparative look of TAp73 and a?† Np73 signifier is well regulated that determines the destiny of the cell ( M Rossi et Al, 2005 ) . In cancerous cells, look degree of p73 is extremely regulated by ITCH E3 ligase. ITCH E3 ligase catalyses the transportation of ubiquitin to p73 protein. This ubiquitinated protein is therefore presented for debasement by proteasome. In response to DNA harm, ITCH is downregulated which in bend affects the p73 bend over by ubiquitination reaction. Therefore the degree of TAp73 additions and promotes cell rhythm apprehension and programmed cell death. Whereas under non stressed status the ITCH controls the p73 degree and bring on cell proliferation. In my fathers house EssayDAB-16 is a 3rd coevals PPI dendrimer holding 16 terminal amino groups. It has low cytotoxicity with IC50 of 39  µg.mL-1and good transfection efficiency compared DAB-8. The transfection efficiency besides depends on the N/P ratio. N/P ratio is the ratio of amino group of DAB-16 to the phosphate group of DNA ( Zinselmeyer, 2002 ) . DAB-16 at N/P ratio 30 had shown optimal transfection efficiency and for cistron bringing surveies DAB-16 at N/P 30 and N/P 8 was used.